Novasean knowledge base
Practical help for your hosting.
Follow clear steps, check the result and understand what to do when something fails. Explore DNS, email, DirectAdmin, VPS access, domains, backups, migration and your client account.
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Find the right place to edit your DNS records
Check parent delegation and each assigned nameserver to find the live DNS provider before editing web or mail records.
Read the guide →DNS and email authenticationSet up SPF without blocking legitimate email
Inventory real senders, publish one SPF policy for the envelope domain and check headers for SPF and DMARC alignment.
Read the guide →DNS and email authenticationSet up DKIM and verify a signed message
Publish the sender's DKIM selector at the authoritative DNS provider and verify a fresh signed message.
Read the guide →DNS and email authenticationIntroduce DMARC without disrupting legitimate mail
Start DMARC reporting, fix SPF or DKIM alignment for legitimate mail and assess enforcement using representative evidence.
Read the guide →DNS and email authenticationCheck a DNS change while caches expire
Compare authoritative and cached DNS answers, read TTLs and decide whether to repair the zone or wait for old caches.
Read the guide →DirectAdminCreate and test a mailbox in DirectAdmin
Create a DirectAdmin mailbox, check live MX routing before inbound tests, and verify sending and receiving at the right stage.
Read the guide →DirectAdminRequest and check a TLS certificate in DirectAdmin
Check hostname DNS and validation, request a DirectAdmin TLS certificate, and verify the certificate actually served.
Read the guide →DirectAdminCreate and verify a DirectAdmin account backup
Select DirectAdmin backup components, preserve an off-account copy, and check recovery with a controlled restore.
Read the guide →VirtualizorUse the Virtualizor VPS console for diagnosis
Use the Virtualizor VNC console to distinguish a VPS boot, network or SSH problem and record evidence before changing power state.
Read the guide →VirtualizorReinstall a VPS only after protecting its data
Decide when a Virtualizor VPS reinstall is justified, verify an external backup, and check the chosen OS and recovery route before erasing a disk.
Read the guide →WHMCS and your accountSecure your Novasean client account
Secure your Novasean WHMCS client-area login with a unique password, available two-factor authentication and a protected recovery mailbox.
Read the guide →WHMCS and your accountCheck an invoice and raise a support request safely
Verify a Novasean WHMCS invoice in the client area and raise a support ticket with useful, redacted evidence when a charge or service fails.
Read the guide →DNS and email authenticationDiagnose a website that works on IPv4 but fails on IPv6
Find a stale AAAA record, test the site's IPv6 path and correct the assigned web target without disturbing IPv4.
Read the guide →DNS and email authenticationChange MX records without losing incoming mail
Prepare the new mail destination, change MX with an overlap plan and verify real inbound and outbound messages.
Read the guide →DNS and email authenticationDiagnose SERVFAIL after a nameserver change
Compare authoritative and validating DNS answers after a nameserver change; investigate stale DS and other causes of SERVFAIL.
Read the guide →DNS and email authenticationCheck CAA records when a certificate authority cannot issue
Trace CAA from the requested certificate name to applicable parents and check the approved issuer before changing policy.
Read the guide →DirectAdminAdd a DirectAdmin subdomain without changing the main site
Create a DirectAdmin web subdomain, confirm parent DNS delegation and test its separate root and HTTPS endpoint.
Read the guide →DirectAdminChange a DirectAdmin site’s PHP version safely
Check application and PHP compatibility, select an available domain version, and verify a reversible change.
Read the guide →DirectAdminFix a DirectAdmin website showing 403 Forbidden
Use the failing URL and DirectAdmin domain log to distinguish a 403 access rule, missing index or path fault.
Read the guide →DirectAdminDiagnose a DirectAdmin website 500 error
Match a DirectAdmin site's 500 response to its request and error log before changing application settings.
Read the guide →VPS access and diagnosisDiagnose an SSH refusal or timeout on a VPS
Distinguish SSH connection refused, timeout and authentication failure on a VPS using panel, console and network evidence before making a change.
Read the guide →Domains and transfersPrepare a domain transfer with an Auth-Code
Check eligibility, confirm holder contact access, avoid a registrant-change transfer lock, protect the Auth-Code, and keep DNS and renewal safe.
Read the guide →Domains and transfersCheck a domain’s actual expiry and renewal dates
Reconcile registrar renewal deadlines, public registration dates and invoice dates for the exact domain.
Read the guide →WHMCS and your accountUnderstand a pending order versus an active service
Compare WHMCS order, service, domain and invoice states to understand why an order is Pending while access may already be Active.
Read the guide →Website migrationPreview a migrated website before changing public DNS
Preview a migrated website with its real hostname before changing DNS. Test TLS, pages, forms and data, then decide whether the new host is ready.
Read the guide →Email reportingInterpret a DMARC aggregate report safely
Read DMARC XML intervals, counts, aligned results and four dispositions before investigating a sender or changing policy.
Read the guide →DNS and email authenticationPoint a website to new hosting without disrupting mail
Check MX targets, fallback mail routing and SPF dependencies before pointing a website at new hosting.
Read the guide →DNS and email authenticationCorrect www when the root domain works
Diagnose the separate www DNS answer, host binding, redirect and TLS certificate when the root site works.
Read the guide →DNS and email authenticationMove authoritative DNS while preserving every needed record
Inventory web, mail, verification and DNSSEC records; test the new zone before changing registrar nameservers.
Read the guide →DNS and email authenticationTrace a subdomain that does not resolve
Identify the subdomain's real authority and distinguish NXDOMAIN, absent address data and broken child delegation.
Read the guide →DirectAdminFind the correct document root for a domain
Find the document root serving the exact domain or subdomain before uploading or moving website files.
Read the guide →DirectAdminCreate a database and a limited application user
Create a DirectAdmin database credential with suitable privileges and verify the application's connection.
Read the guide →DirectAdminCreate a scoped file-transfer account safely
Choose supported SFTP or FTPS access and check the file-transfer account's effective directory boundary.
Read the guide →DirectAdminDiagnose a website redirect loop
Trace HTTP, HTTPS, hostname and application redirects to find the layer creating a website loop.
Read the guide →WHMCS and your accountFind an active service and its next due date
Find the correct WHMCS hosting service, status, billing cycle and next due date, then verify invoices and domain expiry separately.
Read the guide →WHMCS and your accountUpdate account contact details safely
Update the correct WHMCS user, client or contact email and confirm where Novasean invoices, security notices and support replies arrive.
Read the guide →WHMCS and your accountFind domain nameserver controls when available
Find registrar nameserver controls for a domain and decide whether a DNS record edit or a full delegation change is actually required.
Read the guide →WHMCS and your accountUnderstand a cancellation request and service expiry
Understand a WHMCS cancellation request, its service end date and the separate effects on hosting data, invoices, domains and mail.
Read the guide →Email reportingDiagnose mail rejected despite SPF passing
Use the remote rejection and received headers to distinguish SPF pass from DMARC alignment or other policy failures.
Read the guide →Email reportingCheck why a mailbox can receive but not send
Separate an SMTP 535 login failure from connection, queue and recipient errors when a mailbox receives but cannot send.
Read the guide →Email reportingCheck why a mailbox can send but not receive
Trace one external message through MX routing, server delivery, filtering and client retrieval.
Read the guide →Email reportingSet up an email client securely
Configure IMAP or POP and authenticated SMTP with the real provider's TLS settings; test both directions.
Read the guide →VPS access and diagnosisCheck whether a VPS is running or stopped
Check whether a Virtualizor VPS is Running, Stopped or suspended before diagnosing guest boot, network and application availability.
Read the guide →VPS access and diagnosisUnderstand a VPS reboot versus a power cycle
Choose between a graceful VPS reboot and a forced power cycle after checking the operator, recovery path and risk to current writes.
Read the guide →VPS access and diagnosisInvestigate a VPS that will not boot
Use a Virtualizor console to distinguish a bootloader, filesystem, platform or network fault before attempting VPS boot recovery.
Read the guide →VPS access and diagnosisCheck whether a VPS disk is full
Use df block and inode readings on the affected Linux VPS filesystem to investigate No space left on device without deleting evidence.
Read the guide →Domains and transfersRenew a domain before it lapses
Renew through the verified domain provider and confirm that registrar or registry records show the completed term.
Read the guide →Domains and transfersUnderstand domain expiry versus hosting suspension
Compare domain registration, DNS resolution and hosting service state to repair the cause of an outage.
Read the guide →Website migrationPlan a website move with a reversible DNS cutover
Plan a website hosting migration with tested backups, safe DNS cutover and rollback. Prevent split database writes and keep mail working during the move.
Read the guide →Website migrationMove a database and verify character encoding
Migrate a MariaDB database and verify character encoding. Compare schema, row counts and non-ASCII text before switching the application to the new database.
Read the guide →Website migrationCheck forms and transactional mail after migration
Test website forms and transactional email after a hosting migration. Trace submission, queue and recipient delivery, then fix the failing part of the route.
Read the guide →DNS and email authenticationUnderstand CNAME and apex record choices
Choose A, AAAA, CNAME or a supported apex alias from the web provider's target and existing DNS records.
Read the guide →WHMCS and your accountUnderstand tax and billing periods on an invoice
Read WHMCS invoice line periods, due dates, credits and tax lines; ask billing to explain a missing period or unclear calculation.
Read the guide →WHMCS and your accountTrack a domain transfer in the client area
Track a WHMCS domain transfer through provider and registrar notices, then verify completion, expiry and nameserver continuity.
Read the guide →DirectAdminUpload a static site and verify its entry page
Upload a finished static build to the served domain folder and check its entry page and assets.
Read the guide →DirectAdminCheck why a new site still shows a default page
Find whether a default hosting page comes from DNS, hostname mapping, document root, entry file or cache.
Read the guide →DirectAdminUnderstand a shared-hosting resource warning
Read a shared-hosting warning by resource, period and plan entitlement before choosing a remedy.
Read the guide →DirectAdminDiagnose a slow shared-hosting website
Compare page timings and account evidence to locate a slow shared-hosting site's likely bottleneck.
Read the guide →VPS access and diagnosisCheck CPU and memory pressure on a VPS
Compare Virtualizor CPU and memory readings with the VPS workload and exact incident time before changing an application or VM size.
Read the guide →VPS access and diagnosisUnderstand who can change a managed VPS
Check the accepted VM Start with Managed OS order to identify customer root and application work, Novasean OS work and change owners.
Read the guide →DirectAdminCheck whether a hosting login page is genuine
Verify an unexpected hosting login page through a known account route before entering credentials.
Read the guide →Website migrationInventory PHP dependencies before moving a site
Check PHP versions, extensions, databases and cron dependencies before a website migration. Compare the actual destination and test important application tasks.
Read the guide →Website migrationFix mixed content after moving a site to HTTPS
Fix mixed-content warnings after an HTTPS migration. Find blocked HTTP scripts, styles and media, correct their URLs and verify the website still works.
Read the guide →Website migrationCheck redirects when a website changes host
Check website migration redirects without creating loops. Map changed URLs, inspect status and Location headers, and preserve relevant old links.
Read the guide →Website migrationHand over an agency client site with clear access
Hand over an agency client website with clear ownership and named access. Verify hosting, deployment, domain and recovery control before revoking old permissions.
Read the guide →Website migrationCheck for exposed secrets after a website move
Check for exposed secrets after a website migration. Contain public files, preserve redacted evidence, rotate credentials and verify the corrected deployment.
Read the guide →Domains and transfersKeep control of your domain when changing web hosts
Retain registrant and registrar access, renewal responsibility and DNS control while moving website hosting.
Read the guide →VPS access and diagnosisCheck an SSH host-key change before accepting it
Verify a changed SSH host-key fingerprint through a trusted route before replacing the saved key after a VPS rebuild or rotation.
Read the guide →DirectAdminRotate a hosting password after suspected exposure
Secure a suspected exposed DirectAdmin password and check the account for unexpected changes.
Read the guide →DirectAdminDiagnose an Nginx 502 Bad Gateway on shared hosting
Collect Nginx 502 proxy and upstream evidence for the hosting operator before changing services.
Read the guide →VPS access and diagnosisRecover when a VPS has no network access
Gather Virtualizor console, assigned-address and service evidence when a running VPS has no network access across several services.
Read the guide →DirectAdminEnable two-factor authentication for a DirectAdmin account
Set up DirectAdmin two-factor authentication, retain recovery codes and prove a fresh login works.
Read the guide →VPS access and diagnosisUse SSH keys for authorised VPS access
Create and install an SSH public key for an authorised VPS account, then test a new login without losing the existing access route.
Read the guide →VPS access and diagnosisScope an application deployment account
Define an application deployment account with narrow file, database and system permissions and a controlled acceptance check.
Read the guide →DirectAdminRespond when a website is visibly compromised
Record safe evidence of a visibly compromised website and involve the authorised incident owners.
Read the guide →Website migrationPrepare an application-consistent backup
Prepare an application-consistent website backup. Coordinate file and database capture, account for writes and verify the recovery set on an isolated target.
Read the guide →DirectAdminRecover a deleted file without harming new changes
Recover one deleted site file from a known-good backup while protecting newer files and database changes.
Read the guide →Website migrationTest a restore without overwriting production
Test a website or VPS backup restore without overwriting production. Isolate the copy, verify application data and files, and record recovery limits.
Read the guide →Domains and transfersChoose between domain registration, renewal and transfer
Choose registration for a new available name, renewal for an existing term or transfer for a registrar move.
Read the guide →DirectAdminRecover a WordPress critical error after a plugin update
Use WordPress Recovery Mode and logs to isolate a plugin-related critical error after an update.
Read the guide →DirectAdminClear WordPress maintenance mode after an interrupted update
Confirm a WordPress update stopped, remove only a stale maintenance marker and finish the update.
Read the guide →DirectAdminCheck a WordPress database connection after a credential change
Check protected WordPress database settings against a known credential change and test recovery.
Read the guide →DirectAdminFix WordPress post URLs returning 404 after a permalink change
Restore WordPress post URLs after a permalink change by checking the intended structure and rewrite rules.
Read the guide →DirectAdminCheck a WordPress media upload that exceeds the effective file limit
Compare a WordPress media file with effective upload limits and request only the needed change.
Read the guide →DirectAdminFind why a WordPress scheduled post missed its time
Check a missed WordPress post's time, status and scheduler; use a visible-safe Future-post test.
Read the guide →DirectAdminInvestigate a WordPress editor invalid JSON response when saving
Preserve WordPress editor work and inspect the failed REST response behind an invalid JSON error.
Read the guide →DirectAdminGive a WordPress editor access without sharing an administrator login
Hand over WordPress content access with a named account, a suitable editor role and a tested boundary.
Read the guide →DirectAdminHandle a WordPress update that asks for connection information
Investigate a WordPress update credential prompt through filesystem ownership and authorised access.
Read the guide →DirectAdminCheck why published website changes are not visible to visitors
Find which cache still serves an old website edit after confirming the published origin page.
Read the guide →Domains and transfersResolve a .com domain on clientHold after a contact check
Confirm the registrar's reason for a .com clientHold, complete its verified contact process and check delegation returns.
Read the guide →DirectAdminFix a static application route that returns 404 on direct load
Test a static app's direct deep link and configure a fallback that leaves missing assets as 404.
Read the guide →DirectAdminRepair a cross-origin API request after a hostname change
Compare the browser Origin and API CORS response after an application hostname change.
Read the guide →DirectAdminRepair an application login cookie after a domain change
Trace session cookie storage, scope and return after moving an application to a new domain.
Read the guide →DirectAdminDiagnose a trusted script blocked by Content Security Policy
Find the exact CSP directive blocking a trusted script and make a narrow, testable correction.
Read the guide →DirectAdminFix a JavaScript module served as HTML or the wrong MIME type
Distinguish a missing JavaScript asset rewritten to HTML from a real module served with the wrong type.
Read the guide →Website migrationRemove an accidental noindex rule after a website move
Remove an accidental noindex after a website migration. Check HTML and response headers, preserve staging protection and verify the final public page.
Read the guide →DirectAdminProtect a website directory and verify unauthenticated access
Protect an intended web directory and verify that unauthenticated direct file requests are refused.
Read the guide →DNS and email authenticationVerify Search Console domain ownership without replacing existing DNS records
Check Domain property scope across subdomains, then publish Google's exact DNS token at the authoritative provider.
Read the guide →Email reportingTrace an email forwarding cycle without disabling protection
Map authorised forwarding rules, remove the returning edge and test one final delivery while preserving loop checks.
Read the guide →Website migrationCheck a public page blocked by robots.txt after a website move
Fix an accidental robots.txt block after a website move. Check the exact host, matching crawl rules and public URL without exposing private areas.
Read the guide →Website migrationCheck a wrong canonical destination after a website move
Fix a wrong canonical URL after a website migration. Compare declared and Google-selected URLs, locate the signal owner and align the final public page.
Read the guide →DNS and email authenticationCheck why wildcard DNS does not cover an existing subdomain
Compare exact names, closer ancestors and wildcard answers before adding a record for a missing subdomain address.
Read the guide →VPS access and diagnosisDiagnose VPS name resolution when IP connectivity works
Diagnose DNS lookup failures inside an Ubuntu VPS when address-level connectivity works, without changing the wrong resolver.
Read the guide →DNS and email authenticationCheck a VPS reverse DNS (PTR) record before sending mail
Identify the real outbound IP, compare its PTR with forward DNS and ask the address operator to correct mismatches.
Read the guide →VPS access and diagnosisFix SSH Permission denied (publickey) on a VPS
Investigate SSH Permission denied (publickey) by checking the effective target, account, offered key and authorised server evidence.
Read the guide →VirtualizorFind a missing Virtualizor VPS backup safely
Check a missing Virtualizor VPS backup view, confirm the accepted backup arrangement and protect live data before a restore request.
Read the guide →VirtualizorVirtualizor root password change not working? Check safely
Troubleshoot a Virtualizor guest-root password change by separating panel, console and SSH authentication symptoms.
Read the guide →DirectAdminDirectAdmin cron job not running? Check the schedule and command
Check a DirectAdmin cron schedule, command environment and harmless run before escalating a failure.
Read the guide →Email reportingWhy mail lands in spam despite passing SPF and DKIM
Inspect recipient headers and filtering evidence when authenticated mail is accepted but placed in Spam or Junk.
Read the guide →VPS access and diagnosisRead systemd service status after a VPS outage
Read systemctl status and the matching journal for a Linux VPS service after an outage before restarting or changing configuration.
Read the guide →Domains and transfersDiagnose a domain transfer that is still pending
Separate a receiving registrar's pending order from registry pendingTransfer, then protect DNS and renewal.
Read the guide →Email reportingWhy a forwarded email fails DMARC and how to diagnose it
Compare original and forwarded SPF, DKIM and DMARC results to find the broken alignment path.
Read the guide →Website backupsWhat should a website backup include? A recovery checklist
Check what a website backup should contain: files, databases, uploads and configuration. Identify external dependencies and verify the recovery set.
Read the guide →Website backupsHow to verify a downloaded website backup
Verify a downloaded website backup with SHA-256, archive checks and a contents inventory. Understand what these prove before testing an isolated restore.
Read the guide →VirtualizorRestore a Virtualizor VPS backup safely
Choose a Virtualizor VPS restore point and target, preserve later data and verify the recovered application after authorised restoration.
Read the guide →DirectAdminDirectAdmin certificate renewal failed? Check the cause safely
Check the live certificate, failed ACME name and validation route before retrying DirectAdmin renewal.
Read the guide →WHMCS and your accountNovasean client-area password reset email not received?
Check the correct WHMCS sign-in email, mailbox and official reset form when a Novasean client-area reset message does not arrive.
Read the guide →Website backupsRestore one file or a full hosting account? Choose safely
Choose a file, database or full-account restore safely. Match backup scope to the loss, preserve newer changes and verify application consistency.
Read the guide →Website backupsHow long are hosting backups kept? Check your recovery window
Check hosting backup retention and available recovery points. Understand Shared - 1 and VM Start responsibilities before requesting a safe restore.
Read the guide →Website backupsBack up a VPS database before reinstalling the OS
Back up MariaDB or PostgreSQL before reinstalling a VPS. Preserve exports, roles and matching files off-server, then test an isolated recovery.
Read the guide →DirectAdminDirectAdmin backup restore failed? Find the failed step safely
Distinguish an active, failed or incomplete DirectAdmin restore while preserving backup and newer data.
Read the guide →DirectAdminDirectAdmin email sending limit reached? Find the affected account
Identify the affected DirectAdmin mailbox or user sending allowance and stop unexpected mail first.
Read the guide →WHMCS and your accountFind your Novasean support ticket and understand its status
Find an existing Novasean WHMCS support ticket, interpret its workflow state and reply with time-stamped test results.
Read the guide →VPS access and diagnosisUpgrade Ubuntu on a VPS without losing your recovery path
Plan an Ubuntu VPS release upgrade with component compatibility, tested recovery and application acceptance checks.
Read the guide →VPS access and diagnosisFind why a VPS process was killed by out-of-memory handling
Confirm whether a VPS process termination was caused by kernel, cgroup or systemd-oomd memory handling before changing capacity.
Read the guide →VPS access and diagnosisNovasean’s position on cloud sovereignty and customer autonomy
Novasean’s hosting and backup locations, what remains incomplete, and the planned move of client-portal backups from Canada to EU storage.
Read the guide →DirectAdminChange a PHP memory limit in DirectAdmin
Check a site’s effective PHP memory_limit, use an available DirectAdmin setting safely, and verify the change within your hosting limits.
Read the guide →Website backupsVPS snapshot vs backup: what can each one recover?
Understand how a VPS snapshot differs from a backup, what each can restore, where risks overlap and what to check before relying on either.
Read the guide →VPS access and diagnosisDiagnose high disk I/O wait on a Linux VPS
Use repeated iostat and vmstat samples to investigate a slow VPS with free disk space, without mistaking one metric for proof of a storage fault.
Read the guide →DirectAdminDirectAdmin login not working? Check these safe steps
Triage a failed DirectAdmin login safely: verify the panel route, distinguish account or session issues, and know when to contact hosting support.
Read the guide →Website migrationHow to check whether a website uses HTTPS
Check a website’s HTTPS connection, certificate warning and HTTP redirect. Test every hostname, then separate TLS problems from mixed content.
Read the guide →VPS access and diagnosisNginx 502 after PHP-FPM restart on a VPS? Check the service and socket
Diagnose an Nginx 502 after a PHP-FPM or VPS restart by checking the authorised service, FastCGI socket, logs and owner.
Read the guide →WHMCS and your accountWHMCS invoice still shows the old payment method? Here is why
Why a changed WHMCS default payment method may not update an existing invoice, and how to check the invoice and future payments safely.
Read the guide →VPS access and diagnosisHow to move a VPS to another provider: a migration checklist
Plan a VPS move with a verified backup, final data sync, DNS cutover and rollback route. Check why a virtual-machine image may not move as-is.
Read the guide →DirectAdminDirectAdmin 550 relay not permitted: check mail routing first
Find out whether a 550 relay rejection concerns incoming domain routing or your own SMTP submission before changing mail settings.
Read the guide →DirectAdminDirectAdmin mailbox full (552 5.2.2): check the right quota
A 552 5.2.2 mailbox-full bounce needs a storage check at the receiving provider. Compare mailbox and account limits before deleting mail or changing a plan.
Read the guide →DirectAdminChange a DirectAdmin mailbox password without losing mail access
Change a DirectAdmin-hosted mailbox password safely, update every mail client, and verify both incoming and outgoing mail.
Read the guide →Email reportingResolve an IMAP or SMTP certificate name mismatch
Check the mail endpoint and certificate name before changing settings; keep TLS verification on and involve the operator when the correct server presents the wrong certificate.
Read the guide →DirectAdminDirectAdmin webmail login not working? Diagnose Roundcube safely
Separate a wrong mailbox login from a failed one-click link, expired Roundcube session or mail-storage fault without exposing your password.
Read the guide →DirectAdminRedirect an old website in DirectAdmin without breaking email
Choose a safe DirectAdmin site redirect, preserve mail routing and check HTTPS, destination paths and the full response chain.
Read the guide →VPS access and diagnosisVPS application port not reachable? Check the listener and firewall
Trace an unreachable VPS application port through the service listener, address family, container mapping and approved firewall layers before exposing it.
Read the guide →DirectAdminDirectAdmin 550 5.1.1 user unknown: find the rejecting server
Trace a 550 5.1.1 recipient rejection through the intended mail host, address and DirectAdmin mailbox or forwarder before changing MX.
Read the guide →VPS access and diagnosisNGINX 504 Gateway Timeout on a VPS: find the stalled upstream
Trace a VPS 504 to the gateway and upstream request, check the actual timeout stage and repair the cause before changing NGINX limits.
Read the guide →VPS access and diagnosisCan a VPS provider see your files? What Novasean can verify
Understand VPS provider access to files, live applications and backups, what encryption changes, and which Novasean access facts remain unverified.
Read the guide →Email reportingFix an email rejected because the message is too large (552 5.3.4)
Read a 552 5.3.4 size bounce, identify which mail server rejected the message and choose a safe way to send the content.
Read the guide →VPS access and diagnosisHow to add a swap file to an Ubuntu VPS safely
Check whether swap will help, create and verify a guest-level Ubuntu swap file, and avoid disk, filesystem and restart mistakes.
Read the guide →DNS and email authenticationCheck whether DNSSEC works for your domain with dig
Use dig to distinguish a signed zone from a validated DNSSEC chain, compare DS and DNSKEY, and investigate SERVFAIL without changing live DNS blindly.
Read the guide →VPS access and diagnosisCheck time synchronisation on an Ubuntu VPS
Check whether an Ubuntu VPS clock is synchronised, identify chrony or timesyncd, and collect useful evidence before changing time settings.
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